![]() ![]() Oxygen administration plays a key role in all cases of decompression illness, both as emergency treatment and during recompression. Recompression is the mainstay of treatment for decompression illness. The unpredictability of ultimate outcome at the onset of any decompression illness requires each case to be managed as a medical emergency. Any new symptom with a close temporal relation to diving should be presumed to be due to dysbarism until shown to be otherwise. Gas coming out of solution and forming bubbles is the prime cause of decompression sickness, whereas gas contraction and expansion causes barotrauma.Īny body tissue can be affected, resulting in a wide variety of clinical presentations. Tetzlaff and colleagues noted a reduced midexpiratory flow at 25 of vital capacity in divers who presented with lung barotrauma and suggested that increased risk for pulmonary barotrauma could be identified with pulmonary function testing. Conditions such as decompression sickness (the bends), arterial gas embolism (AGE), and barotrauma may result.ĭecompression illness is a term that refers to both decompression sickness and AGE.ĭiagnosis of dysbarism can usually be made on history and examination alone. Pulmonary barotrauma can occur in the absence of an evident overpressure event. Initially, a person may only feel an uncomfortable pressure inside the ear, but sometimes the condition can. Dysbarism is a collective term for all illnesses resulting from changes in ambient pressure that occur at a rate exceeding the capacity of the person to adapt safely. Inner ear barotrauma can often follow, and may cause a sensorineural deafness, tinnitus, and vestibular symptoms such as vertigo, nausea and vomiting, and ataxia. The symptoms of ear barotrauma differ according to how severe and prolonged it is.
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